With regard to anything automotive, the word "hybrid"
has become synonymous with frugality and efficiency. Thanks in
large part to the popular Toyota Prius, Americans see automotive
gas/electric hybrid technology as at least one solution to lowering
fuel costs and reducing America's dependence on foreign oil. As
a bonus, hybrids have earned a reputation for cleaner tailpipe
emissions as well.
Despite the perceived benefits of hybrid technology, sales of
these vehicles still represent only a tiny fraction of the U.S.
marketplace. Americans purchased about 250,000 hybrid vehicles in
2006, accounting for just 1.5 percent of the 17,000,000 cars and
trucks sold here last year.
One reason hybrid sales haven't grown more quickly is
the limited number of vehicles available. This list includes 14
vehicles, two of which, at the time of this writing, are not yet
available, and one that can only be purchased in five states.
Another reason is cost. In addition to a vehicle's
conventional gasoline engine, hybrids also include a regenerative
braking system that recaptures energy that is normally wasted in
braking and slowing, a battery pack to store the recovered power,
and one or more electric motors that assist in propelling the
vehicles. Note that all the vehicles discussed here also
incorporate engine shut-off technology. Very simply, these systems
shut the engine off while idling to conserve fuel. Vehicles with
more advanced hybrid systems may propel themselves short distances
before restarting the engine, further improving fuel economy.
All this additional technology adds considerably to the overall
cost of hybrid vehicles. Still, automakers are loath to be
excluded from the hybrid hysteria, believing that offering such
vehicles demonstrates both social responsibility as well as
technical prowess.
While hybrid vehicles are generally assumed to be frugal with
fuel, not all hybrids are designed to be gas misers. Several
hybrids, those offered by Toyota's Luxury Lexus division
especially, use hybrid technology primarily as a means to improve
performance, though fuel economy is generally improved as well.
Available now or due soon are hybrid vehicles from General Motors,
Ford, Honda, Nissan, and Toyota. From GM comes the Saturn Vue Green
Line compact SUV. Hybrid versions of GM's Chevrolet Malibu and
Saturn Aura midsize sedans are due later this year. Ford offers
hybrid versions of its Ford Escape and Mercury Mariner compact
SUVs. Honda's popular Civic and Accord compact and midsize cars
are both offered in hybrid form. From Nissan comes the Altima
hybrid, a midsize sedan.
Toyota has the most hybrid offerings. The compact Prius comes
only as a hybrid, while the midsize sedan Camry and midsize SUV
Highlander offer both hybrid and conventional variants. From
Toyota's Lexus division come the midsize GS450h sedan, the
large LS600h sedan, and the RX450h midsize SUV.
|
2008
Chevrolet Malibu
Base Price Range: NA
EPA MPG: NA
Consumer Guide Observed MPG: NA Due out this
fall as part of a redesigned Malibu lineup, this hybrid
incorporates the same General Motors "mild
hybrid" technology as the 2007 Saturn Aura and Vue
hybrids. Though specific information is not yet available,
count on seeing a 2.4-liter 4-cylinder engine and
conventional four-speed automatic transmission. While the
mild hybrid arrangement still incorporates electric thrust
to improve acceleration, it does not allow for
electric-only running at low speeds, as do most other
hybrid systems. Mild hybrid technology, however, tends to
be less costly than other systems. General Motors is
claiming a fuel economy improvement of up to 25 percent
when compared to a similar Malibu without a hybrid
drivetrain.
|
|
2008 Ford
Escape Hybrid
Base Price Range:
$25,075-$26,825
EPA MPG: NA
Consumer Guide Observed MPG: 28.4-31.7
Though sporting new exterior styling, Escape remains
mechanically unchanged for 2008. As such, Ford
division's only hybrid returns largely intact. While
conventional Escapes are offered in XLS, XLT, and Limited
trim, the Hybrid is offered only as separate model and
includes a level of equipment that closely approximates the
midline XLT. Escape Hybrid incorporates a 2.3-liter
4-cylinder engine and a continuously variable transmission
(CVT). Front- and all-wheel drive versions are offered. A
true hybrid, Escape can propel itself for short distances
at low speeds using only its electric motor. Escape Hybrid
is mechanically identical to the Mariner Hybrid offered by
Ford's sister division Mercury.
|
2007 Honda Accord
Hybrid
Base Price Range:
$31,090-$33,090
EPA MPG: 28-35
Consumer Guide Observed MPG: 27.5 Designed as
much for improved performance as for frugal operation, Accord
Hybrid uses a 3.0-liter V6 at the center of its hybrid
drivetrain. With 253 horsepower, the Hybrid is the most
powerful model in the Accord lineup. The Accord Hybrid comes
only with a conventional five-speed automatic transmission
and does not allow for electric-only operation. The Hybrid is
equipped similarly to the conventional topline Accord EX,
though because of space consumed by the battery pack, it does
without its folding rear seat. |
|
2007
Honda Civic Hybrid
Base Price Range:
$22,600-$24,350
EPA MPG: 49-51
Consumer Guide Observed MPG: 37.8-38.0
Unlike its big-brother Accord, the Honda Civic Hybrid is
designed specifically for improved fuel economy. To do so,
Civic has a tiny 1.3-liter four-cylinder at the heart of
its hybrid drivetrain. Civic Hybrid comes only with a
continuously variable transmission (CVT) and will propel
itself for short distances at low speeds without the aid of
its gasoline engine. The Hybrid model is equipped similarly
to the conventional topline Civic EX, but loses its rear
disc brakes, folding rear seat, and sunroof.
|
|
2007
Lexus GS 450h
Base Price: $54,000
EPA MPG: 25-28
Consumer Guide Observed MPG: 22.7 Like its big
brother the LS600h, this Lexus hybrid is designed for
enhanced performance first, and improved fuel economy
second. The GS450h builds its hybrid system around an
already potent 3.5-liter V6. They system is coupled to a
continuously variable transmission and is capable of
running for brief periods of time at low speeds without the
gasoline engine. The 450h caps a GS lineup that includes
the non-hybrid GS350 and GS430. Like some other hybrid
sedans, the GS loses some trunk space to its battery
pack.
|
|
2008
Lexus LS 600h L
Base Price Range: NA
EPA MPG: NA
Consumer Guide Observed MPG: NA
Designed with performance instead of frugality in mind, the
Lexus LS 600h L promises to be the most expensive hybrid
vehicle yet when it goes on sale later in 2007. The LS will
also be the first hybrid based on a V8 drivetrain.
The hybrid boosted V8 is expected to produce in excess of
430 horsepower. Based on the Consumer Guide Best Buy Lexus
LS, the hybrid 600h will be available only with the
model's long-wheelbase L body. The LS 600h L should
start around $100,000.
|
|
2008
Lexus RX 400h
Base Price Range:
$41,180-$42,580
EPA MPG: 27-33
Consumer Guide Observed MPG: NA Lexus's
crossover midsize SUV was updated for 2008, getting fresh
exterior styling but remaining mechanically unchanged. Like
the similar Toyota Highlander Hybrid, the 400h hybrid
powertrain centers around a 3.3-liter V6 and includes a
continuously variable transmission. The 400h is capable of
covering short distances in electric-only mode. Front- and
all-wheel drive versions are offered. Note that like the
Highlander Hybrid, AWD models feature rear wheels that are
driven only by the hybrid system's electric motors;
there is no mechanical connection to the transmission. The
RX400h is equipped similarly to the conventional
gas-engined RX350, but loses that model's standard
rear-wood trim and tachometer.
|
|
2008 Mercury
Mariner Hybrid
Base Price Range:
$25,765-$27,515
EPA MPG: NA
Consumer Guide Observed MPG: 24.8-28.8
Though sporting new exterior styling, Mariner remains
mechanically unchanged for 2008. As such, Mercury's
twin to the Ford Escape returns largely intact. While
conventional Mariners are offered in Base and Premier trim,
the Hybrid is offered as separate model and includes a
level of equipment that closely approximates the topline
Premier. Like Ford Escape Hybrid, Mariner Hybrid
incorporates a 2.3-liter 4-cylinder engine and a
continuously variable transmission (CVT). Front- and
all-wheel drive versions are offered. Mariner can propel
itself for short distances at low speeds using only its
electric motor.
|
|
2007
Nissan Altima Hybrid
Base Price: $24,400
EPA MPG: 36-42
Consumer Guide Observed MPG: NA Based on its
popular midsize Altima sedan, the 2007 Altima Hybrid is
Nissan's first hybrid offering. Hedging its bets on
continuing consumer demand for hybrid vehicles, Nissan has
opted to offer the Altima Hybrid only in "Green
States" (California, Massachusetts, Maine, New York,
and Vermont). The Altima Hybrid drivetrain features a
2.5-liter 4-cylinder engine and a continuously variable
transmission (CVT), and will operate for short periods of
time at low speeds in electric-only mode. The Hybrid has
roughly the same level of standard equipment as the
conventional 4-cylinder Altima 2.5 S.
|
|
2007
Saturn Aura Green Line
Base Price Range:NA
EPA MPG: NA
Consumer Guide Observed MPG: NA
Due out this summer, this hybrid incorporates the same
General Motors "mild hybrid" technology as the
Vue hybrid and forthcoming Chevrolet Malibu Hybrid. Though
specific information is not yet available, count on seeing
a 2.4-liter 4-cylinder engine and conventional four-speed
automatic. While the mild hybrid arrangement still
incorporates electric thrust to improve acceleration, it
does not allow for electric-only running at low speeds, as
do most other hybrid systems.
|
|
2007
Saturn Vue Green Line
Base Price: $22,370
EPA MPG: 27-32
Consumer Guide Observed MPG: 25.8-28.4 Though
introduced this past fall, General Motor's first hybrid
vehicle (excluding the Chevrolet Silverado that offered a
hybrid variant in name only) has already gone out of
production. Vue assembly-including the hybrid Green
Line-ended earlier this year, but examples should still be
available on dealer lots. A redesigned 2008 Vue lineup, due
later in the calendar year, will include a Green Line
model. Vue Green Line incorporates the same General Motors
"mild hybrid" technology as the coming 2007
Saturn Aura Green Line and Vue hybrids. The hybrid
drivetrain included a 2.4-liter 4-cylinder engine and
conventional four-speed automatic. Vue Green Line is
available only with front-wheel drive. While the mild
hybrid arrangement still incorporates electric thrust to
improve acceleration, it does not allow for electric-only
running at low speeds, as do most other hybrid
systems.
|
|
2008
Saturn Vue Green Line
Base Price Range: NA
EPA MPG: NA
Consumer Guide Observed MPG: NA
Due to arrive this fall as part of a redesigned Vue line
up, the next-generation Green Line will be nearly identical
mechanically to the 2007 version when it launches. The
addition of a new hybrid system will make its debut several
months after launch. Thanks to a longer wheelbase and
expanded passenger and cargo accommodations, '08 Vues
move up a size class to midsize SUV from
compact.
|
|
2007
Toyota Camry Hybrid
Base Price: $26,000
EPA MPG: 38-40
Consumer Guide Observed MPG: 28.6-31.2 Not
content with the success of Prius, the new for 2007 Camry
Hybrid gives Toyota a hybrid sedan that is more
conventional in both style and design. Unlike the
similar-size Honda Accord Hybrid with its sport-oriented V6
hybrid drivetrain, the Camry pursues optimal fuel economy
with its 2.4-liter 4-cylinder system. The Camry Hybrid is
capable of covering short distances at low speeds on only
electric power. While conventional Camrys are offered in
CE, LE, SE, and topline XLE trim, the Hybrid comes as a
single model equipped much like the midline LE.
|
|
2007
Toyota Highlander Hybrid
Base Price Range:
$32,490-$36,550
EPA MPG: 27-31
Consumer Guide Observed MPG: 22.8-26.4
Highlander Hybrid has the distinction of being the only
hybrid to offer three-row seating. Like the similar Lexus
RX400h, the Highlander Hybrid's powertrain centers
around a 3.3-liter V6 and includes a continuously variable
transmission. The Highlander Hybrid is capable of covering
short distances at low speeds in electric-only mode. Front-
and all-wheel drive versions are offered. Note that also
like the 400h, AWD models feature rear wheels that are
driven only by the hybrid system's electric motors,
there is no mechanical connection to the transmission. The
Highlander Hybrid is offered in Base and Limited trim
levels that closely parallel the content of similar
conventional versions of the highlander.
|
|
2007
Toyota Prius
Base Price Range:
$22,175-$23,070
EPA MPG: 51-60
Consumer Guide Observed MPG: 41.7-45.2 The
original hybrid is now in its second generation and still
accounting for almost half of all hybrid vehicle sales.
Unlike the other vehicles on this list, the Prius was
designed specifically as a hybrid and is not based on a
conventionally powered vehicle. While dealers have no
trouble stocking the other hybrids discussed here, the
Prius has been in short supply, meaning that customers have
waited weeks and months for their cars to arrive. A recent
slackening in Prius demand may mean reduced wait times and
manufacturer incentives for buyers. Under the hood, only
the Honda Civic Hybrid has a smaller engine. Prius's
hybrid system is built around a 1.5-liter 4-cylinder engine
and a continuously variable transmission. Under proper
conditions, Prius will operate for extended lengths of time
without engaging the gasoline engine.
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Hybrid
Vehicle Specification Comparison
|
Vehicle
|
Class
|
Base
Price
|
Gas
Engine Cyl
|
Gas Engine
Size
|
Gas /Elec.
Horse power
|
Electric-only
operation
|
Engine Shutoff
Feature
|
EPA
MPG Range
|
CG
Observed MPG
|
'08 Chevrolet Malibu
Hybrid
|
Midsize
sdn.
|
$22,000*
|
4
|
2.4-liter
|
170*
|
No
|
Yes
|
NA
|
NA
|
'08 Ford Escape
Hybrid
|
Compact
SUV
|
$25,075
|
4
|
2.3-liter
|
NA
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
NA
|
28.4-31.7
|
'07 Honda Accord
Hybrid
|
Midsize
sdn.
|
$31,090
|
6
|
3.0-liter
|
253
|
No
|
Yes
|
28-35
|
27.5
|
|
'07 Honda Civic
Hybrid
|
Compact
sdn.
|
$22,600
|
4
|
1.3-liter
|
110
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
49-51
|
37.8-38.0
|
|
'07 Lexus GS
450h
|
Prem.
Midsize sdn.
|
$54,900
|
6
|
3.5-liter
|
339
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
25-28
|
22.7
|
'08 Lexus LS 600h
L |
Prem. Large
sdn.
|
$100,000*
|
8
|
5.0-liter
|
430*
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
NA
|
NA
|
|
'08 Lexus RX
400h
|
Prem.
Midsize SUV
|
$41,180
|
6
|
3.3-liter
|
268
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
27-33
|
NA
|
'08 Mercury
Mariner
|
Compact
SUV
|
$25,765
|
4
|
2.3-liter
|
NA
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
NA
|
24.8-28.8
|
'07 Nissan Altima
Hybid
|
Midsize
sdn.
|
$24,400
|
4
|
2.5-liter
|
198
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
36-42
|
NA
|
|
'07 Saturn Aura Green
Line
|
Midsize
sdn.
|
$23,000*
|
4
|
2.4-liter
|
170*
|
No
|
Yes
|
NA
|
NA
|
|
'07 Saturn Vue Green
Line
|
Compact
SUV
|
$22,370
|
4
|
2.4-liter
|
170
|
No
|
Yes
|
NA
|
NA
|
|
'08 Saturn Vue Green
Line
|
Midsize
SUV
|
$25,000*
|
4
|
2.4-liter
|
170*
|
No
|
Yes
|
NA
|
NA
|
'07 Toyota
Camry Hybrid |
Midsize
sdn.
|
$26,000
|
4
|
2.4-liter
|
187
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
38-40
|
28.6-31.2
|
| '07 Toyota
Highlander Hybrid |
Midsize
SUV
|
$32,490
|
6
|
3.3-liter
|
268
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
27-31
|
22.8-26.4
|
| '07 Toyota
Prius |
Compact
sdn.
|
$22,175
|
4
|
1.5-liter
|
110
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
51-60
|
41.7-45.2
|
*Estimate