Base RS and luxury LS Integras carry a 142-horsepower, 1.8-liter dual-overhead-cam 4-cylinder engine. Essentially the same as that installed in previous-generation Integras, it develops two more horsepower. A new and different dual-cam 1.8-liter engine, similar in size but more potent, powers the GS-R. That one employs Honda's VTEC (variable valve-timing) system and makes 170 horsepower. A 5-speed manual gearbox was standard on all models. All except the GS-R could have an electronic 4-speed automatic transmission instead. In 1997, Acura introduced a highly modified version of the 1.8-liter from the GS-R for its high-performance "Type-R" model. All-new connecting rods are hand-torqued, ports are hand-polished, while a new forged-steel crankshaft comes with counterweights made with special metallurgy techniques to reduce vibration and bending fatigue. The revised engine includes oval intake springs, dual-exhaust valve springs, thin-stemmed valves and lighter die-cast aluminum pistons with molybdenum-coated skirts. Additional oiling passages and new crowns help boost the compression ratio from 10.0:1 to 10.6:1. In addition, a special camshaft gives higher lift and longer overlap to match a bigger-bore exhaust and freer-breathing exhaust manifold, which features a single wide runner per cylinder rather than smaller twin passages. Finally, the crackle-red finish on the engine's cam cover help set it apart visually from the GS-R's engine.